Grateful For Germanium

Jan. 25, 2012
In your December 2012 issue, in the story "Transistors Pick Up Speed With GaAs" on page 50, I noticed a major error. Being an antique semiconductor engineer, I must let you know that almost all transistor were made with germaniumsome with germanium as a ...

In your December 2012 issue, in the story "Transistors Pick Up Speed With GaAs" on page 50, I noticed a major error. Being an antique semiconductor engineer, I must let you know that almost all transistor were made with germaniumsome with germanium as a dopantfrom Dr. Shockley's time up until Fairchild developed the planar process so that silicon could be used on a production basis. Millions of germanium devices were made by over a dozen manufacturers until the silicon planar process made obsolete the alloy junction germanium types. Then, when Mr. Kilby figured out how to make an integrated circuit on silicon at Texas Instruments, the semiconductor world changed. Most of the rest of the story was generally correct and interesting. Keep up the good work.

Paul Grace

Sponsored Recommendations

Ultra-Low Phase Noise MMIC Amplifier, 6 to 18 GHz

July 12, 2024
Mini-Circuits’ LVA-6183PN+ is a wideband, ultra-low phase noise MMIC amplifier perfect for use with low noise signal sources and in sensitive transceiver chains. This model operates...

Turnkey 1 kW Energy Source & HPA

July 12, 2024
Mini-Circuits’ RFS-2G42G51K0+ is a versatile, new generation amplifier with an integrated signal source, usable in a wide range of industrial, scientific, and medical applications...

SMT Passives to 250W

July 12, 2024
Mini-Circuits’ surface-mount stripline couplers and 90° hybrids cover an operational frequency range of DC to 14.5 GHz. Coupler models feature greater than 2 decades of bandwidth...

Transformers in High-Power SiC FET Applications

June 28, 2024
Discover SiC FETs and the Role of Transformers in High-Voltage Applications