They establish the pathways for electromagnetic (EM) energy in circuits and systems, in all shapes and sizes. Whether in the form of microstrip structures, such as planar antennas for wireless handheld devices, or the larger waveguide of high-power radar systems, transmission lines of many types transfer high-frequency signals in disparate ways, with or without dielectric substrates. Thus, choose the optimal transmission-line technology for a given application typically depends on the mechanical and electrical design requirements...
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