White Paper Central

Download your free Microwave and RF Whitepapers below



Achieving Accurate and Reliable Resistance Measurements in Low Power and Low Voltage Applications


Keithley Instruments, Inc. Because of their small sizes, today’s electronic components usually have limited power handling capability. For researchers and electronics industry test engineers, this power limitation makes characterizing the resistan ... More



Design Considerations for Maximizing Throughput and Accuracy in Switch/Measure Instrumentation


Jerry Janesch, Keithley Instruments, Inc. Test engineers must constantly seek new ways to maximize throughput and decrease test time and the cost of test. This white paper examines the speed vs. accuracy trade-offs involved in making multi-channel ... More



C-V/I-V Testing Becomes Faster, Simpler, and More Economical


Lee Stauffer, Keithley Instruments, Inc. The need for greater test efficiency and productivity has never been more urgent in the semiconductor industry. Changing production technologies demand more complex and faster testing to increase product re ... More



Configuring an Optimal RF/Microwave Switch System


Given the explosive growth of the communications industry, a tremendous amount of testing is being performed on the various components that make up different communications systems. These components range from active components such as Radio Freq ... More



Methodologies for Reducing Mobile Phone Test Time


Mobile phones are complex enough devices to test, and the continual addition of features further challenges test engineers to prevent test time from creeping higher. In addition, wide-bandwidth, high-data-rate transmission techniques require testi ... More



FM Receiver - Extreme Dynamic Range Test Case


One of the most challenging test conditions for RF receiver validation is the adjacent and/or alternate channel test case with a large difference in level between the main signal and the alternate, interfering channel. Due to the difficulty in replic ... More



Providing Manufacturing-Ready Capabilities to NI TestStand


This application example shows how to bridge a powerful NI TestStand infrastructure with an off-the-shelf test engineering platform to gain component and product traceability, genealogy and data storage, process flow and routing, multi-station / mult ... More



Seven ways a Test Engineering Platform will help you cut costs and increase your competitive edge


RF and Microwave product manufacturing is a competitive business. OEMs are challenged to reduce the cost of manufacturing, yet deliver leading edge quality. This white paper explores seven ways that a centralized test platform will transform your ... More



New Test Sequencing Instruments Lower Cost of Test for Device Manufacturers


Business Pressures Challenge Test EngineersMost electronic manufacturers face a common set of business problems. Global competition exerts downward pressure on prices, while increasing the features and functionality of products. This takes place with ... More



Making Source-Corrected Noise-Figure Measurements


Noise limits the sensitivity of a receiver and degrades the performance of a transmitter.Both R&D and production environments rely on several time-honored approaches to evaluate component noise in terms of noise figure.They now have an additional ... More



Perfecting Pulsed RF Radar Measurements


Pulsed RF radar signals must be accurately characterized to evaluate a radar system's performance,therefore using the right test tools is vital. Modern radar test instruments,with advances in DSP measurement technology,are able to provide even greate ... More



Measure And Troubleshoot Digitally Modulated Signals


Digitally modulated signals are ubiquitous in modern wireless-communications systems, enabling multimedia services over limited bandwidths.The number of tests required to evaluate digitally modulated signals can be daunting.Fortunately,the Agilent MX ... More



Improve The Accuracy Of Amplifier ACLR and ACPR Measurements


Digital wireless-communications systems employ complex modulation formats to transmit voice, data,and multimedia services over limited-bandwidth channels.Wireless networks using GSM and WCDMA offer high performance with good reliability,but depend on ... More



Achieve Improved Spectrum Analyzer Amplitude Accuracy


Amplitude accuracy is a key barometer of spectrum-analyzer performance.Simply put,amplitude accuracy instills confidence in a measurement.In an extreme case,poor amplitude accuracy can lead to shipping a component that did not meet a customer's requi ... More



WiMAX Signal Analysis Part 1: Making Frequency and Time Measurements Application Note


This application note is the first in a 3-part series that presents an approach to WiMAX (802.16-2004) signal analysis that yields the greatest level of understanding and reliability in measurements. ... More



WiMAX Signal Analysis Part 2: Demodulating and Troubleshooting the Subframe Application Note


This application note is the second in a 3-part series that presents an approach to WiMAX (802.16-2004) signal analysis that yields the greatest level of understanding and reliability in measurements. ... More



WiMAX Signal Analysis Part 3: Troubleshooting Symbols and Improving Demodulation


This application note is the third in a 3-part series that presents an approach to WiMAX (802.16-2004) signal analysis that yields the greatest level of understanding and reliability in measurements. ... More



MIMO Wireless LAN PHY Layer (RF) Operation & Measurement Application Note 1509


This application note is intended to provide an understanding of MIMO radio operation as it applies to WLAN, and the test configurations for multi-channel radios. ... More



'Disruptive' Ceramic Technology Enables Spectrum Management


Frequency management is an essential goal of modern high-frequency design, whether for avoiding interference in cellular communications systems or ensuring security in military electronic systems. But generating and maintaining stable signals. especi ... More