Design Inset-Fed Microstrip Patch Antennas

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[Components]
Design Inset-Fed Microstrip Patch Antennas
This design approach helps analyzer microstrip inset-fed patch antennas and helps to locate the exact inset length for 50-? input impedance.

M. Ramesh, K.B. Yip | ED Online ID #6993 | December 2003

Low-profile, low-cost antennas support the operation of many modern communication systems. Microstrip patch antennas represent one family of compact antennas that offers the benefits of a conformal nature and the capability of ready integration with a communication system's printed circuitry. By using a straightforward transmission-line model, it is possible to accurately model and analyze microstrip-line inset-fed patch antenna designs. In addition, by applying a curve-fit formula, it is possible to locate the exact inset length needed for a 50-Ω input impedance.

The feed mechanism plays an important role in the design of microstrip patch antennas. A microstrip patch antenna can be fed either by coaxial probe or by an inset microstrip line. Coaxial probe feeding is sometimes advantageous for applications like active antennas, while microstrip line feeding is suitable for developing high-gain microstrip array antennas. In both cases, the probe position or the inset length determines the input impedance.

The input impedance behavior for a coaxial probe-fed patch antenna has been studied analytically by means of various models, including the transmission-line model and the cavity model, and by means of full-wave analysis.^1-3 Experimentally and theoretically, it has been found that a coaxial-probe fed-patch antenna's input impedance exhibits behavior that follows the trigonometric function:

cos²[π(y₀/L)]

where:

L = the length of the patch and

y₀ = the position of the feed from the edge along the direction of the patch length L.

On the other hand, it has been found experimentally⁴ that on low-dielectric-constant materials, the input impedance of an inset-fed probe antenna exhibits fourth-order behavior following the function:

cos⁴[π(y₀/L)]

Fortunately, a simple analytical approach has been developed using the transmission-line model to find the input impedance of an inset-fed microstrip patch antenna. Using this approach, a curve-fit formula can be derived to find the inset length to achieve a 50-Ω input impedance when using modern thin dielectric circuit-board materials.

Figure 1 is a graphical depiction of an inset-fed microstrip patch antenna. The parameters ε_r, h, L, W, w_f, and y₀, respectively, are used to denote substrate dielectric constant, thickness, patch length, patch width, feed-line width, and feed-line inset distance. The input impedance of an inset-fed microstrip patch antenna depends mainly on the inset distance, y₀, and to some extent on the inset width (the spacing between the feed line and the patch conductor). Variations in the inset length do not produce any change in resonant frequency, but a variation in the inset width will result in a change in resonant frequency. Hence, in the following discussion, the spacing between the patch conductor and feed line is kept constant, equal to the feed line's width; variations in the input impedance at resonant frequency with respect to inset length will studied as a function of various parameters.

Assuming the patch antenna is divided into four regions, it can be modeled as a series of transmission lines loaded by radiating slots of different length (Fig. 2). The table lists the parameters (width and length) of the three transmission lines as well as the width and lengths of the three radiating slots. Radiating slots A, B, and C can be modeled according to the guidelines presented in ref. 5.

Following the strategy outlined earlier, a patch antenna with the parameters ε_r = 2.42, h = 0.127 cm, W = 5.94 cm, L = 4.04 cm, and y₀ = 0.99 cm was analyzed. Figure 3 shows a comparison between the results obtained using the transmission-line-model method presented here and data obtained using a commercial computer-aided-engineering (CAE) electromagnetic (EM) simulator. Even though there is a shift in the resonant frequency, the transmission-line model tracks the return loss profile predicted by the EM simulator very closely. The small shift in the resonant frequency can be attributed to a failure to consider the discontinuity between the inset feed line and the patch.

The transmission-line model was used to perform parametric studies of the patch for various values of ε_r (2 ≤ ε_r≤ 10). Figure 4 shows that a rectangular microstrip patch antenna fed by a microstrip line at the edge (y₀ = 0) will have a higher input resistance varying from approximately 150 to 450 Ω for varying ε_r. Also, it was observed that the input impedance falls rapidly as the inset position is moved from the edge of the patch toward the center compared to the coaxially probe fed patch antennas. These parametric studies have been used to derive the curve-fit formula (Eq. 1) to find the exact inset length to achieve 50-Ω input impedance for commonly used thin dielectric substrates:

The accuracy of this formula has been checked for a patch with ε_r = 5.0, h = 0.127 cm, W = 4.1325 cm, L = 2.8106 cm, and y₀ = 0.9009 cm. To confirm the validity of the formula, the patch was analyzed using an EM simulator; Fig. 5 offers a comparison between results generated by the transmission-line model and predictions from the EM simulation. Even though there is a one-percent shift in the resonant frequency between the two sets of data, close agreement is apparent between the return-loss profiles predicted by the two approaches.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors greatly appreciate the comments of Motorola iDEN group members.

REFERENCES

K.A. Carver and J.A. Mink, "Microstrip antenna technology," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 29, January 1981, pp. 2-24.
H. Pues and A. Van De Capelle, "Accurate transmission line model for the rectangular microstrip antenna," IEEE Proceedings on Microwaves, Optics & Antennas, Vol. 134, 1984, pp. 334−340.
David M. Pozar, "Input impedance and mutual coupling of rectangular microstrip antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. AP-30, November 1982, pp. 1191-1196.
Lorena I. Basilio, Michael A.Khayat, Jeffery Williams, and Stuart A. Long, "The Dependence of the Input Impedance on Feed Position of Probe and Microstrip Line − Fed patch Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 49, January 2001, pp. 45-47.
Daniel H. Schaubert, Frederick G. Farrar, Arthur Sindoris, and Scott T. Hayes, "Microstrip antennas with frequency agility and polarization diversity," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 29, January 1981, pp. 118-123.

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Reader Comments

pls help me with the matlab source code to plot microstrip mpatch antenna with operational frequency of 1.6GHZ and a dielectric material of 4.24. pls sir i need it to be able to present my project. thans in antcipation. hope to here from u soon

iyke -May 02, 2008

hi sir, i need a design for a microstrip patch antenna workin at 900 mhz with dielectric substrate constan Er=4.5 and thikness of 1.6 mm. with a circular polarization. i will be grateful if u help me in my project

khalid charaf aldeen -April 27, 2008

Dear Sir I am a final year student and need advise and mahamatical modelling formulas on how to design a wire medium which will be placed between two rectangular microstrip patch antennas resonating at 1.8GHz. The substrate is 1.57 mm in height and the dielectric constant is 2.5. it is a microstrip line feed and is 50 ohms. thank you so much best wishes Sultan

sultan -April 09, 2008

I need your help urgentily,as i will be presenting this project next month.I look forward to your reply.Thanks

chukwudi -April 07, 2008 (Article Rating:

)

Respected sir,i am an undergraguate and doing my project on microstrip patch antenna.I need your assistance on how to design and model a microstrip patch antenna array (4-element) that has a gain of 12dB.I also need help on how to simulate it using matlab.

chukwudi -April 07, 2008

Hi sir , i m masters students doing in digital comm.system i m doing project on Flat plate high-gain antennas for millimetre-wave wireless networks can u give me some articles based on my project which will help me in doing my project . thnks

gunjan miglani -April 01, 2008 (Article Rating:

)

respected sir,i am undergraduate student doing project on microstrip line fed(yo=0) rectangular patch antenna that works at 2.4GHz fz.sir,can u please send me relevant mathematical design equations.

shilpa -April 01, 2008 (Article Rating:

)

i need for docummentaions to micro strip patch simulation with HFSS 10

larbi -March 17, 2008

sir this site seem to be very usefull for us i am in need of a mathematical analysis for the rectangular patch antenna at 10 Ghz,and i would also like to know about the design considerations for it .thanku and waiting for ur response soon.

madhusudhan r.s -March 11, 2008

Thanks to M. Ramesh and K. B. Yip who has already present this article. I was having difficulty to design microstrip log-periodic Antenna and when I asked for Dr Max Ammann(School of Electronic & Communications Engineering Dublin Institute of Technology, I really thank before)help, He suggest me to read this artikel. I think it's a very good artikel, but I can't write further comment before I try those equation to my design. I hope it does help me with my final assignment. By the way I agree with previous comment (amit kumar singh),that it would be more useful when you give mathematical modelling/formula used in analyse this problem. Mmm...Sir, maybe I'll need some furthe help with design I'm working on. If you had a time please let me now. <spidy.xxx@gmail.com>

Shofwan Juniardi -February 10, 2008 (Article Rating:

)

Specially thanks to M. Ramesh and K. B. Yip and also for MW&RF source for giving such a wonderful article which is very help full for designing the MPR at any frequency with the 50 ohm resistance. But sir may i ask for the whole derivation of this equation and how this equation approximate the G11 and G12 for the microstrip resonator.

VISHAL KALARIYA -September 18, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

hai...im having a problem in doing my thesis..the title of the thesis is "analysis of rectangukar patch antenna using 4 feeding techniques"...so i'm having a problem in doing the feeding by using sonnet lite software..i need some body who can teach, and help me to analyze and simulate thee feeding..plzzzzz

shazareen -September 10, 2007

hi sir. i want to work about bow-tie antenna can u gave me source about bow-tie antenna and article about it.thanks

mehdi -September 06, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

Sir, i m calculating antenna factor of microstrip patch antenna using method of moment technique and pulse basis function . i have to implement this by using matlab. can you suggest me any books or any reference so that it becomes easier for me to implement.....

Gitimayee Sahoo -August 23, 2007

Dear sir,This is a good design procedure.I am working on dual feed active antenna. Pl. advise good design/simulation methods and package.Thanking you.

Behera -August 08, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

Sir I want to know why the triangular patch antenna produce circular polarization.

Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma -July 02, 2007

i need to simulate phase tunabilty of coplanar waveguide patch antenna please help me. sir thank you !

tsegaye arega -June 26, 2007

Dear sir, I want to build a high gain (>=10dBi, easy to scale by adding new element in the array), 2.4GHz (for WLAN bands), omnidirectional, vertical polarized antenna in the simplest possible way. After a long seekeing I concluded that my winner candidate is the microstrip array antenna, because it is easy to construct from eg. a double-sided printed circuit board. But nowhere I found an exactly dimensoned, reliable design. Please help me, if you can, by sending an exact design, or an URL, or a free software (design or simulation tool) that can handle conductive strips not only wires and dielectricum among this strips. chrisphy@gmail.com Thank you very much in advance!

Chris -June 13, 2007

Respected sir,i want to design microstrip antenna for wireless communication.sir i m doing my master in electronics engg. in cyprus.so plz can u guide me how can i start my thesis work and which simulation software(free available)i used to design microstrip antenna.plz. plz. sir u help me.i m very thankful to u sir. i m looking forward ur response. best regards, vipul

vipul rana -May 30, 2007

Dear sir, this is not enough for design a microstrip antenna....please send how do i calculate feed line width?

ekanayake -May 07, 2007

sir, i want to design circular and rectangular patch ARRAY antenna for w-lan applications. i want the nessesary materials of designing it. please send me soon. thanks in advance.

Baali -March 28, 2007

sir this site seem to be very usefull for us i am in need of a mathematical analysis for the rectangular and circular patch array antenna,and i would also like to know about the design considerations for it .thanku and waiting for ur response soon.

prabhu -March 27, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

I was trying to model and study a patch antenna (and its variatios) radiation pattern characteristics with HFSS. I fed it with coax and used the formula to compute the impedance match of 50ohms on antenna. The simulation worked perfectly with radiation pattern as it should be. But the dB(S11) parameter seems to be shifted and the imaginary part of Z11 was not perfectly resonant at 2.45GHz though the real part was perfectly resonant at the this frequency. Now I try to feed the same structure with inset microstrip but nothing works with this. I used these values, Wf=3mm, W=41.36mm, L=32.92mm, Z=50ohms, yo=9.93mm. I m using lumped port at the end of microstrip. I think there is some problem with using it. Can anybody explain how to use microstrip properly to feed patch at inset location. i used the way it is described here in the document. I m not sure why it wasnot working properly... Please solve my problem at ur earliest... Thanks Saqib Kaleem ul98008@yahoo.com

saqib -March 24, 2007

Respected sir, I am working on designing a rectangular patch antenna array at 10.65 GHz. I wanted to ask your advice on some good books and references on microstrip patch design and feeding system. Also how did you calculate the Wf and which software did you use for the simulation of this patch?

With warm regards, Aziz Jivani

Aziz -March 24, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

With warm regards, Aziz Jivani

Aziz -March 24, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

it's the second time i write you and i hope you can give me the Matlab code for calculating and plotting an antenna pattern. thank you in advance (exuse my english!)

Meher -March 20, 2007

sir, i'm a student and i want to design a patch antenna working in the 2.4GHz frequency, so would you like please show me how to do a sheap one and send me the mathematical formulas. thank you so much

Meher -March 20, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

Dear sir, i am designing circular patch antenna for w-lan aplications. i want to show three dimensional view of its radiation pattern.In the antenna theory book by C.A.Balanis, it is told that to create 3-D view, a series of 2D- plot has to be generated.is it possible with matlab? or how to show it? thanks in advance :-)

babbu -March 14, 2007

Sir,Thanks,It is very useful.I want to know how to caculate Length and Width for 2.4Ghz?And how to find Gain?

A.M.Mathew -February 22, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

Sir,Thanks ,It is very useful and i want to know how to find Lenth and width for 2.4Ghz?and how to find Gain?

mathew -February 22, 2007 (Article Rating:

)

Sir,Thanks ,It is very useful and i want to know how to find Lenth and width for 2.4Ghz?and how to find Gain?

mathew -February 22, 2007

respected sir, we are doing a project on patch arrays operating at 2.4Ghz.can you please send us the details on,what kind of feed should be used,relavent formulae on length,width and other parameters,what kind of substrate must be used,at what position feed should be given?In what ways,we can get the gain above 6dbi?what dimensions should be given for substrate of the patch?Thanking you sir

Anonymous -February 14, 2007

WE WANT TO DESIGN MICROSTRIP ANTENNA PLEASE SEND US RELEVANT MATERIAL

Anonymous -February 12, 2007

Sir- Your article is indeed very informative. Thank you very much. I am currently doing a project on "SIERPINSKI CARPET FRACTAL ANTENNA" and would like to simulate the design on IE3D. Can you pl. suggest how i may do this?

Nitin -February 10, 2007

Sir, I want to design a microstrip patch antenna that transmits and recieves at the frequency (a)1.8GHz (b)2.7GHz using the Empire Software. Please help me how to design. Thank you.

Zewdu Hailu -January 25, 2007

sir, i m doing project on microstrip antenna.plz send me some basic and useful things about microstrip antenna.

Anonymous -January 19, 2007

I want to design an edge fed patch antenna with a 1/4 wave transformer for impedance matching. The microstrip line will be joined to a coaxial transmission line that guides electromagnetic energy from a source to the strip.

Anonymous -January 16, 2007

Sr. Ramesh and Sr.Yip. Firstly I wanna thank you because of your dedication and efforts on researching. I do as a human being of this world and I appreciate it. Second, I find iteresting your article as a help for direct finding of the inset length for accomplish 50ohm and adaptate it. At the article of Ref. 1 you mentioned there, it's said as you do about the cosine dependence of the patch with the inset length. But didn't give an exact expression to a 50ohm impedance as you did. Anyway, expresion for other impedance may be required. I wander how it could be such a long expresion dependent of dielectric constant. Maybe I must learn much much more about Microstrip Antenna Technology. By the way, do you know where I can go to learn more, doing a Master or Doctorate or doing researching in this area? I want to become a researcher in this topic and here in my city there is no one who knows about it. Well, I will appreciate any help or advice you give. Also for other listenning persons. Well, thanks very much and merry christmas and good new year. Mauricio

maudape -December 22, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

hello sir.i'm designing a 2x2 array antenna at IMT 2000 (1.8GHz-2.2GHz) band. But i got problem for the feedline. The bandwidth also is not reach the return loss below -10dB. I have used microwave office for this project.the calculated dimension also didn't match with the simulation result..what i do now just try and error and modified the dimension until i got the bandwidth of imt 2000 is below -10dB.Please sir..i really need your help..;)

be -December 20, 2006

Hello Sir, I was design an Patch antenna with Coaxial Feed, but I like to change to Microstrip Line Feed, Could you help me please to Calculate the Microstrip Line Feed? Thank you in advance.

Anonymous -December 15, 2006

Respected Sir, I am Jyoti Prakash Sethi from from bhubaneswar is currenlty continuing M.TECH.Now i am doing my thesis on DUAL-FREQUENCY MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING STACKED QUARTER WAVELENGTH ELEMENTS.My probelm is HOW TO INCREASE BANDWIDTH OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH STACKING.Sir plz helpme

Anonymous -November 09, 2006

Respected Sir, I am Jyoti Prakash Sethi from fromis currenlty continuing M.TECH.Now i am doing my thesis on DUAL-FREQUENCY MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING STACKED QUARTER WAVELENGTH ELEMENTS.My probelm is HOW TO INCREASE BANDWIDTH OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH STACKING.Sir plz helpme

Anonymous -November 09, 2006

Sir, i need to design a microstrip antenna arrays with tapered feed. Can you help me how to do this especially with this kind of feed (tapered)?

Anonymous -October 12, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

sir will you please give small simulation program using MATLAB for microstip antenna.Program should display changes in VSWR,Radition pattern if we change dimentions of antenna

Anonymous -October 06, 2006

Hi Sir!,I'm an undergraduate student,I'm going to complete a project on Patch antenna. However, I am still not sure how could I calculate the length of the patch and the position of the feed and some other significant parameters.Could You please give me some documents. Thank You ! (I need your help as soon as posible. Waiting for your response )

Anonymous -October 03, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

Hello Sir.I am an undergrade student,I'm going to complete a project on Patch antenna.However,I am still not sure how could I calculate the length of the patch and the position of the feed.Can You give me some documents.I want to make a rectangular patch microstrip antenna(from 500 MHz to 2 GHz),could you please tell me how to realize it and what formulas needed to make this antenna. Thank You!wait for response

Anonymous -October 03, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

Hello Sir.I am an undergrade student,I'am going to complete a project on Patch antenna. However, I am still not sure how could I calculate the length of the patch and the position of the feed.Can You give me some documents.I want to make a 2,4 GHz rectangular patch microstrip antenna, could you please tell me how to realize it and what formulas needed to make this antenna. Thank You

Anonymous -October 03, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

sir, i am designing a rectangular patch antenna for GPS purposes.on softwaare simulation,the radiation pattern was found to have 2 lobes along the x-axis.my requirement is a spherical pattern.how can i rectify the problem.

souvik -September 12, 2006

sir, i am a final year student of m.e. communication systems.i would be very much glad if u provide me more information about broad band microstrip antennas with their design.i would also be glad if u knidly provide me the information if i can contact places in india where these projects are carried out in india.

marina dutta -August 25, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

si5r i want to design a probe antenna that should transmitt a signal of 1.1GHz and power of 25dBm. can you help me...........

shi -August 23, 2006

sir, there is no layout or circuitry given , if there should be some graphical representation it would more comfortale.

nagen,hyderabad -August 22, 2006

sir, there is no layout or circuitry given , if there should be some graphical representation it would more comfortale.

Anonymous -August 22, 2006

sir, i am doing my final year project on microstrip antenna using simulation plz help me with some suggestions and links of the simulation software

bala -August 17, 2006

dear sir i'm doing my master project , i want to design compact microstrip patch antenna to use it into form the array antenna but i haven't find the equations to calculate the dimentions plz tell me what could i do.? thanx sir

Anonymous -August 15, 2006

Hello Sir.I want to make a 2,4 GHz rectangular patch microstrip antenna, could you please tell me how to realize it and what formulas needed to make this antenna. thank you, regards fuyie

fuyie -August 01, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

Sir:I want to make a 2.4 GHz rectangular patch microstrip antenna with z0=50 Ohm, could you please tell me how to realize it and how i can define the needed measurment

Anonymous -July 16, 2006

Hello Sir, I'm an undergraduate student working on desgning a rectangular patch antenna for use in GPRSsystems,using the microstrip feed. I'm using "SonnetLite" software. Would you kindly tell me how to design the feed?

Anonymous -July 12, 2006

dear sir, i also want to make a patch anteena like kumar using matlab software. please send a report on it

sara -June 29, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

Sir, I had simulating a corcularly polarized microstrip antenna array from a thesis "Design and Analysis of an Electrically Steerable Microstrip Antenna for Ground to Air Use' using IE3D, but in this project they used Ensemble 4.0 for simulation & design. I got totally different Smith Chart, VSWR, Axial ratio, Impedance, etc... How can iI get the same pattern. I want to design this as narrow beamwidth & minimum 1 Km range. yours N.Bishwajit

Bishwajit -June 15, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

Sir, I would like to design Circularly polarised truncated rectangular microstrip antenna. I have no enough materials for this give me some useful formulae. I will be very thankful to you. Yours N.Bishwajit

Bishwajit -June 14, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

dear sir, i want to make a patch anteena using matlab software. please send a report on it.

ajit kumar -June 01, 2006

Sir,Am designing a patch antenna in the GSM band.Can you please let us know the substrate material that can be used and the dielectric to be used??

Athreya -March 24, 2006

sir, i want to design a 2.4 GHZ bow tie antenna. and if u could help me in how to design and simulate single antenna, like how to calculate the diff parameters and how to build and test the protitype antenna.

singh -March 20, 2006

Sir, I WANT TO DESIGN TAPERED BALUN ANTENNA CAN YOU HELP.

liarto -March 16, 2006

Sir, I am desiging patch antenna for 2.4ghz,I want to design the same antenna to resonant at wimax band(3.5ghz)frequency ,so change I should do get my result..I am designing in ADS, Ansoft HFSS..

vasan -March 13, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

sir, i wanted to know about the power divider network to desin a array of 8 microstrip patch antennas giving a gain of about 19 dBi working at 2.4GHz. I have tried with one design but failed. i used symmetrical 50 ohms line to feed each patch and joined them subsequently using quater lambda transformer.please help me regarding this priblem.

sonia -March 11, 2006

I want to make a 2.4 GHz rectangular patch microstrip antenna with phsical optik.Have can I do?

ilker -March 08, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

Sir: I really like this article because now I can do a project on an antenna design and I don't need to study or learn electromagnetics. Thank you for making electical engineering fun!

Anonymous -February 10, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

Sir: I really like this article because now I can do a project on an antenna design and I don't need to study or learn electromagnetics. Thank you for making electical engineering fun!

Anonymous -February 10, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

sir.i want design of microstrip directional coupler at f=9Ghz and zo=50 ohm thanks..

Anonymous -February 10, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

sir.i want design of microstrip directional coupler at f=9Ghz and zo=50 ohm thanks..

ahmed kamal -February 10, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

i want design of microstrip directional coupler thanks.

ahmed kamal -February 10, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

sir, i need to design rectangualer microstrip antenn,and software to draw the pattern of electric field. thank

abd almajeed ferra -January 28, 2006 (Article Rating:

)

sir, i need to design rectangualer microstrip antenn,and software to draw the pattern of electric field. thank you

abd almajeed -January 28, 2006

sid,iwant to know how to design microstrip line divider feed network dor combining 8 patches into an array for 19 dbi gain & 2.4 ghz freq.

sonia -January 26, 2006

sir, I would like to design a microstrip patch antenna at 1.575 GHz. Using your expression i can easily find the position of inset feed. But i was trying to calculate the same using the formula given in C.A.Balani's book titled 'Antenna Theory'. But the problem is that i am unable to find the value of g12 . Plz help me sir to solv this problem.

Jayanta Ghosh -December 28, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

Sir i want to construct an antenna of frequency 2.4 ghz & range must me less than 10 mts but must be highly directive.Kindly suggest me the way & the materials needed to make the antenna.

Raghvendra -December 21, 2005

Dear sir, How did you calculat all the parameter, hence let me know

climber -December 21, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

can u please suggest me a proper substrate and radiating element(patch) used to design a microstrip patch antenna for gain 17dbi,freq 2.4GHz and beamwidth 120degree.thank you sir.

adeline -December 19, 2005

this article is very much useful and all the parameters are clearly defined.actually already i sent comments with some questions.now i find the answer for finding wf. thanks to author for giving such a great article

rameshkrishnan -December 13, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

the article titled inset fed microstrip patch antenna design is very much useful for me because i am searching the Y0 formula for past one months. thanks.and is there any exact design equation for finding Wf.

rameshkrishnAN -December 13, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

I want know if exist a software for design this antennas and how can i buy this one, thank-you very much.

ivan -December 10, 2005

Wow, these people's comments are horrible! Sir, please hold my hand, and spend the next 3 months teaching me about antenna theory.

Anonymous -December 09, 2005

sir I would like to fed up a microstrip antenna array by the best way to function at 25GHz which way do you advice me to use (I would like to know the steps to fed the center by coaxial cabel directly)

BAB -November 27, 2005

sir ,i want to make base station antenna for 824-894 MHz.the other specs r gain-15dbi,bandwidth-65degree,dual polarization +/-45 degree.can u tell me which type of feeding i have to use? shape of the patch? how many element the array contain? how i can fed the array using co-axial probe feeding?please help me.

parul -November 10, 2005

SIR, I HAVE TO DO MY PROJECT 'SQUARE PATCH ARRAY ANTENNA PLEASE SUGGEST HOW TO DO THE SIMULATION USING IE3D SOFTWARE

T VENKATA RAO -November 10, 2005

Dear Sir,

I am a undergrad here doing a project on Patch antenna. However I am still not v.sure how could I calculate the length of the patch and the position of the feed. Would hope that you could enlighten me. Thank You.

Brandon -November 10, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

we need to find some explanations about bowtie antenna design, can anyone suggest some source about this type of antenna(theorical ones preferred)

bowtie antenna design -November 10, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

Sir, I WANT TO DESIGN DUAL POLARISED ANTENNA FOR BASE STATION CAN YOU HELP.

rajesh -November 09, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

hi I just want to ask you about the soft ware you use in the desighn and if there is a free copy from it cause i am an undergradute student in electrical department ans I have a project called printed circuit antenna desighn. could you help me?

eman -October 12, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

I think this design had been published in few of the publications long time ago.But anyway,one important information has not been shown in this paper,which is the input impedance at the edge of the patch

Vic -October 03, 2005

Sir, this is good but u didnt tell how to determine exactly the input impedance at edge..

gajendra -September 20, 2005 (Article Rating:

)

the matematical modeling is not important for me.i "WANT" just "articles"

Anonymous -August 04, 2005

I have absoulote articles about"Bowtie antenna design" & "microstrip antenna design".thanks

Anonymous -August 04, 2005

sir, this is very useful findings.but i think it is more useful when you give mathematical modelling for this problem .

AMIT KUMAR SINGH Senior research fellow Microstrip antenna laboratory Deptt of electronics engg IT BHU VARANASI (INDIA)

amit kumar singh -July 29, 2005 (Article Rating:

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Input impedance OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

ABD -May 25, 2005

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